Key amongst these alternatives are legal routes and regularisation as the paper emphasises.
Catherine Woollard took up the position of Secretary General of the ECRE (the European Council on Refugees and Exiles) in 2016. ECRE is a pan-European alliance of 96 NGOs in 40 countries working to protect and advance the rights of refugees, asylum seekers and displaced persons.
Regulation is at the heart of the dysfunctionality of the system, it nonetheless seems impossible for the EU to reach an agreement on reform.